MPH502 - Introduction to Public Health Module 3 - Case Essay

MPH502 - Introduction to Public Health Module 3 - Case - Essay Example The sacred plan uncovers a plain target in government to ensure network wellbeing and security. Government has extraordinary duties towards general wellbeing part; wellbeing isn't just crucial to fund yet in addition to people. General wellbeing is an aggregate activity not just government can spare the community’s wellbeing. On this point, I totally concur with the creator, as though people work alone, they can't spare the base degree of wellbeing. Government support is constantly required for this incredible reason. As indicated by the creator, it hushes up hard to isolate government obligation and individual’s exertion. General wellbeing likewise considers the people that have a special interest in wellbeing assurance. A solid relationship exists between individual’s wellbeing and the strength of network on the loose. I totally concur with creator that general wellbeing endeavors need aggregate activities for better outcomes in light of the fact that it’s almost difficult to improve wellbeing division without governments help. General wellbeing law expresses the points of interest and weights by government on people and private wellbeing areas on lawfully ensured intrigue. Government represents wellbeing division, it might de-propel people to put resources into wellbeing segment. The law address that how government follow up on the development of wellbeing division the two people and an enormous populace. Creator point is legitimate up somewhat as both open and private division has own duties. Government has essential duty to advance both mental and physical wellbeing and forestall injury and inability. Government obligation is to illuminate, teach people and contribute overwhelming sum on wellbeing. General wellbeing law centers around administrative obligations to the network and people wellbeing. Government can do much for general wellbeing as it claims a large number of assets and force. Government is approved

Help With Writing an Essay

Help With Writing an EssayWriting an essay is not as easy as it seems. It is a lot of hard work, which requires more concentration and skill than just the average essay. Even a professional writer, who has years of experience, needs at least three to four months to complete a book-length work. To finish an essay, you will have to write or edit your work on time and fix all errors as soon as you notice them.Essays require a great deal of personal expertise. You will be able to write about anything related to your subject or topics in the essay. You will be required to include your personal experiences to make the essay interesting. You may also discuss things that are personal to the writer's life, such as his/her loved ones or his/her work.The first step to writing an essay is to know your topic. Decide what kind of essay you want to write, whether it is a research paper, a speech, or a report. You can use the sample of your topic as a guide for the essay topic. Then you will have to find a good topic in which to begin your essay. Next, decide which types of topics will be best for your type of essay.The final step to writing an essay is to decide what you want to say. There are various options for your topic. You can make use of either the beginning or the end of the essay to cover the topic. You can make use of the middle of the essay to cover various aspects of the topic. You can also choose to start and end the essay with different points.There are many types of essays including research papers, essays that cover historical facts, and political and social essays. If you want to write a research paper, then you will need to know what the topic is and how you will define it. You will also need to have ideas for the topic. The research paper will also require a number of supporting facts. To write an essay that covers historical facts, you will be required to write short essays, which will outline the events and facts surrounding the historical figures you are writing about.An essay that covers social topics should be well-organized. It should also have a compelling thesis. The first thing you will have to do before starting to write your essay is to organize the information that you will use in the essay. After you have created an outline, you will have to focus on the specific parts of the essay, which you will write.You will also need to prepare the writing tools that you will need to get your work done. A pad of paper, pen, pencil, and your computer are the essential writing tools that you will need. Write everything down. Make sure you have a reference sheet to refer to each time you need to refer to an essay. You can also make use of a guidebook if you are writing an essay that deals with a topic that you are unfamiliar with.By using some of these tips, you will be able to write an essay on whatever topic you choose. All you have to do is to make sure that you work hard in preparing for your essay. The process of writing will take time and patience. Using the tips that we discussed, you will be able to write an essay fast and effectively.

Using College Essay Objective Samples

Using College Essay Objective SamplesCollege essay objective samples have always been a hit when it comes to writing an essay. There are many different ways that you can use the guide and that will help you with writing the essay itself.There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to writing an essay objective. It is very much dependent on the type of writing that you want to do and what you want to get across to your reader. You can find these sample essays in a number of places and you can also make your own.For instance, you can simply write down a generic essay and then follow the examples in the guide and you will be able to create a better essay. Many people prefer the first option because they find it easier to read. However, the purpose of the guide is to help you with what to write about and how to style your text.In fact, you should not always just write a generic essay with no idea of what to write about or the question that you want to get across. The sample essay is a great way to help you get started and to actually start writing something original. This is exactly what most of the guides are designed for and you will be able to create the essay from the guide in just a few minutes or hours.In order to find the best essay objective samples that you will use, the first thing that you need to do is to locate the guide. There are many places that you can go to get one and many of them are free. You will be able to find a lot of these guides on the internet or in your local library.After you find the guide, the next step that you need to take is to actually use it. You will have to do some research and you will find that there are many different approaches to writing an essay. You will need to use the guide that you have found so that you can write the guide based on the format of the essay and the tone that you want to use.In fact, once you use the guide, you will be able to then add your own ideas to the essay objective. There are many different s teps to writing an essay, but the guide will help you with the format and style. That is why you should be sure to look for the guide if you want to write an essay by following it.When you are looking for the best essay objective samples, you can use the guide that you have located. That is because you will be able to follow the guide and use the sample as the basis for your own essay.

The Great Arsenal of Democracy (Ethos, Pathos, Logos)

Alex Talley Tony Friedhoff ENGL 1310 Sect. 28 1 October 2012 The Great Arsenal of Democracy When giving a speech a speaker must be able to connect with his audience, the speaker wants his/her speech to be easy to follow and easy to understand. It is for those specific reasons that speakers purposely put in lots of logos, pathos, and ethos into their speeches so that the audiences can connect emotionally, ethically, and intellectually with what they are talking about. A particular speech that uses many examples of pathos, logos, and ethos is The Great Arsenal of Democracy given by President Roosevelt on December 29, 1940. Throughout the speech President Roosevelt uses excessive amounts of pathos to connect with his people emotionally. He†¦show more content†¦That way they would eventually back him up with his crusade to help the British defend their homeland against the Nazis with an increased sense of patriotism towards the British and the US. It is those emotions and feelings of pride and patriotism towards their country that President Roosevelt plays upon within the American public the most. FDR uses many tactics within his speech to make sure that feelings of patriotism and pride are created within the American public. As one of the tactics that the President uses to instill feelings of patriotism and pride is by boosting their pride by saying things that make them feel good about their country and themselves. Throughout the whole speech the president consistently throws in quotes like, â€Å"We have the men. The skill, they wealth, and above all, the will,†(440) and â€Å"I call upon our people with absolute confidence that our common cause will greatly succeed,†(441) to boost American morale. FDR uses quotes like this throughout his whole speech to make them feel proud to be Americans and make them feel like they could take on anyone in the world and win. Another one of those tactics that FDR uses throug hout his speech that helped create those feelings was by taking certain quotes from the axis powers that were derogatory toward the US and turning them around for his benefit. The statement located in the fifth paragraph states that, â€Å"†¦I canShow MoreRelatedChurchill and Roosevelts Speeches Attempted to Bring Hope to Our Courntry691 Words   |  3 PagesIn Winston Churchill’s speech â€Å"blood, toil, tears, and sweat†, and in Franklin D. Roosevelts The Great Arsenal of Democracy, there are many different rhetorical devices and they use them to build an effective argument. Both speeches were written and spoken at different times and different events were going on when the speeches were made, but both speeches are similar in the way that they are constructed and by the devices used in both. In their speeches both Churchill and Roosevelt tried to

Organizational Behavior And Concepts Essay - 970 Words

In business to succeed, the people behind the scenes have many issues and problems that may arise. Sometimes an organization can go down before it even begins. Proper structure, education, and change are always needed for a business to succeed. When going into or beginning an organization, one must learn about the culture. Organization culture â€Å"is the set of shared values, beliefs, and norms that influences the way employees think, feel, and behave toward each other, and toward people outside the organization† (George, Jones, 2005, p.33). One can observe organizational culture when they enter into a boutique to buy clothing. Usually immediately people are greeted by the customer service employees, and asked if they can be helped.†¦show more content†¦This type of establishment attracts people of all races, and thus will better flourish with the same type of diverse workforce. People can relate to others from his or her background, and thus profits and productivity can reap the benefits of that fact. Communication is the key in all aspects of life, especially in the workforce. Hitt, Miller, and Colella (2006) define communication as, â€Å"the process of sending and receiving symbols with attached meanings† (p. 27). When one thinks of Seattle, WA, one might also think of the famous fish market. Workers there yell back and forth, and throw fish to the waiting hands of the cashier. Without this important form of communication and teamwork, the fish might land on the floor, or worse, on a customer. In this case, communication is vital to this establishment’s success, not only because of the entertainment, but also because of the high risk for waste and loss profit. Believe it or not, but some people purposefully go out in public dressed as a hobo or bum, and into fine establishments like a car dealership, just to see if they will be treated fairly. Doing so, truly does challenge a businesses’ ethics, and may be costly to that establishment if they do not know how to handle the situation properly. The boss may tell an employee to get rid of the hobo before other â€Å"suitable† customers see him. An employee withShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Concepts Of Organizational Behavior2210 Words   |  9 Pages Organizational behavior application Today’s organizations are constantly facing the challenges of different behaviors and their impact on the lives of people involved in the daily grind in seeking best possible ways to deal with issues confronting them as they work on accomplishing assigned tasks. When leaders have the knowledge and capacity to handle the many intricacies of organizational behaviors, it will be easier for them to find solutions to said issues and follow the path to success. As IRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concept779 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concept When small business owners start the concept of what type of business one would like to own, an array of critical thinking starts and a business owner has to consider questions that will make or break his or her success. Owners, who pay attention to the current rise and fall of stock for his or her chosen business, will have the upper hand against competitors. An owner who knows his or her competitors is a small part in the grand scheme of owning anRead MoreOrganizational Behavior and Its Key Concepts1130 Words   |  5 PagesOrganization Behavior and its Key Concepts To understand organizational behavior you must understand its key concepts and terminology. Organizational behavior â€Å"is a multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behavior, interpersonal processes and organizational dynamics.† (Schermerhorn, 2005 p. 3). An organization’s behavior is significant in determining its success as a business and with its employees. Working conditions, production and employee performanceRead MoreOrganizational Behavior, Terms, and Concepts997 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior, Terms, and Concepts Nemo MGT307 October 25, 2011 R.R. Organizational Behavior, Terms, and Concepts For a business to be successful there must be a well-built foundation amongst its human resources. These workers must be kept content. In turn, they work hard and increase productivity. Organizational behavior is a way to observe the employees, while Organizational culture aids in bringing the people of the firm together. This is done by letting theRead MoreConcepts In Organizational Behavior Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational behavior is the study of the many factors that have an impact on how people and groups act, think, feel, and respond to work and organizations and how organizations respond to their environments. (George Jones, 2005) Organizational behavior is particularly important to managers, who are responsible for supervising the activities of one of more employees. A manager has four principal functions or duties of management. These include; the process of planning, organizing and leadingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts751 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Organizations have been described as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. This definition clearly indicates that organizations are not buildings or pieces of machinery. Organizations are, indeed, people who interact to accomplish shared objectives. The study of organizational behavior (OB) and its affiliated subjects helps us understand what people think, feel and do in organizational settings. For managers and, realistically, all employees, thisRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Management Concepts2891 Words   |  12 PagesKotter’s Leading Change Concepts/ Organizational Behavior Management Concepts XXXXXXXX Webster University MNGT 5590 Dr. Victoria Bohrer May 11, 2011 Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the concepts found on John P. Kotter’s, Leading Change (1996), book and the concepts presented by John M. Ivancevich, Robert Konopske and Michael T. Mattenson’s Organizational Behavior and Management text book. Kotter emphasizes in each step the importance of dealing with human emotions and howRead More Organizational Behavior Terminology And Concepts Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding organizational behavior is important for everyone involved in an organization, not just the leadership and management teams. By gaining and understanding this knowledge each employee should be able to realize how their individual actions contribute to the big picture of the company. In order to understand this there are some key concepts and terminology that must be explained to make the learning process more manageable. Organizational Behavior What is organizational behavior? AccordingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper850 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper The following essay will be described the organizational behavior terminology and concepts applied in the organization. The following topics will be presented: Organization culture as internal and external environment of control. Diversity as of individual differences based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, disabilities, and sexual orientation. As the last subject communication as the human skill that helps the organization to work well withRead MoreEssay on Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts1024 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The behavior of employees within any organization is paramount to the success or failure of that organization. The study of organizational behavior is a science with its own vocabulary and terminology. This essay will describe some of the more common key concepts and terminology and relate those to the modern United States Navy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"An organization is, simply, a body of people organized for some specific purpose† (communication, 2005)

Early Childhood And Child Development - 928 Words

After reading chapter 6 of the textbook, I have realized that children early years are severely important because they provide the foundation for the rest of their life, as adolescent, and as adult. Children that are well nurtured can live well and be sociable. Early childhood is the most rapid period of development in a human life. A child creates their own sense of identity. Indeed, it is important for a child to have a sense of identity. Although individual children develop at their pace, all children progress through an identifiable sequence of physical, cognitive, and emotional growth and change. The early child development approach is based on that children respond best when caregivers use specific techniques designed to encourage and stimulate progress to the next level of development. Early childhood is the time during which essential, intellectual, and emotional abilities form. Keeping young children safe and nurturing them is protective against lifelong problems. Including the risk of becoming involved in violence. Early experiences affect the brain development, shaping the brains physical growth and sculpting neural connections. This occurs primarily between birth and school age years. Besides, the family, community and society are powerful in shaping young children’s development. They grow at a very rapid rate during the first one and a half years of life. Their development is not only physical, it is also mental, emotionally, and social. These developments areShow MoreRelatedEarly Childhood Development : Child Welfare1640 Words   |  7 Pages Early Childhood Development Rossy Sical SWK 346 Child Welfare Professor Carew February 3, 2015 Early Childhood Development Early childhood development is a fundamental key to a full and productive life. This stage of development is not only important because of its rapid development but also because it is the foundation of children’s future cognitive, behavioral and emotional well-being. Children during this stage require love and physical and verbal stimulationRead MoreChild Development And Early Childhood Education Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pageshe location chosen to do the twelve hours of service learning participation was the Early Childhood Learning Center. Interviews to the agency occurred on November 8th and 9th. The Early Childhood Learning Center (ECLC) is a child development and early childhood education center. ECLC was established the fall of 1970 to provide Early Childhood Education Majors an opportunity to familiarize themselves with children and their characteristics. ECLC is a great facility that not only helps children butRead MoreEarly Childhood Development: Breastfeeding and Child Milestones632 Words   |  3 Pagesmost nutritional option. The CDC (center for dieses control) released a statement saying, â€Å"Breast milk is widely acknowledged as the most complete form of nutrition for infants, with a range of benefits for infants health, growth, immunity and development (Nrdc.org, 2005).† When an infant is born they are rapidly exposed to a multitude of new diseases and infections. Infant formulas are only able to mimic a very small amount of the nutritional components found in breast milk. One of the best thingsRead MoreThe Impact Of Early Childhood Education On Child Development1298 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Early Childhood Education on Child Development Over the past century, the role of education has greatly increased in areas all over Canada. It has grown in not just in the number of students attending, but also in the ways it has been offered. Before the 1960’s, the education of children consisted solely of parenting done at home (Molnar, 2002, p. 2). Over time, due to the growing importance of education, schools have slowly begun to target younger and younger generations. As a resultRead MoreA Child s Development On The Early Childhood Classroom Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagespart of a child’s development. Nearly every milestone a child accomplishes between the ages of 6 months to 5 years of age, play is how the interpret what they see and hear, and incorporate everyday adult activities in to imaginative play, to mold and shape the characters of their personalities. Like Vygotsky theory, â€Å"Children are practicing what they have learned in other settings or are constructing new knowledge, it is clear that pla y has a valuable role in the early childhood classroom.† OliviaRead MoreThe Fields Of Early Childhood Education And Child Development Will Be Introduced780 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In this analysis, evaluation, and synthesis assignment, a research topic related to the fields of early childhood education and child development will be introduced. Two scholarly journal articles were analyzed and synthesized to increase this writer’s understanding of ongoing practices of reading assessments from 1990 to the present years. 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I believe that as an early childhoodRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood1150 Words   |  5 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Development Paper Beverly Mahone PSY/375 July 11, 2011 Andrew Rodriguez Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper The immature years of life and the stage in which the most development occurs in a child are referred to as infancy and early childhood. In this paper the subject will explain development during infancy and early childhood, explain how families affect the development of infants and young children, evaluate different parenting styles andRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood Development1399 Words   |  6 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Development Cynthia Miranda PSY 375 July 2, 2012 Dr. Aneta Bhojwani Infancy and Early Childhood Development Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of development are shapedRead MoreTe Whariki1308 Words   |  6 PagesWhariki: Early Childhood Curriculum in which we follow as a framework for teaching in New Zealand. This report is going to cover the three broad age groups Te Whariki is based upon. It will explain the principles and strands of Te Whariki and the impact it has on a developing child. It will describe the purpose of Te Whariki and discuss ways it is used by early childhood education services throughout New Zealand. It will describe Te Whariki’s support for bi-culturalism throughout the early childhood

Fantastic Four Essay Example For Students

Fantastic Four Essay Fantastic Four  is a fictional  superhero  team appearing in  comic books  published by Marvel Comics. The group debuted in  The Fantastic Four  #1 (November 1961), which helped to usher in a new level of verisimilitude in the  medium. The Fantastic Four was the first superhero team created by writer-editor  Stan Lee  and artist and co-plotter  Jack Kirby, who developed a collaborative approach to creating comics with this title that they would use from then on. As the first superhero team title produced by Marvel Comics, it formed a cornerstone of the companys 1960s rise from a small division of a publishing company to apop-culture  conglomerate. The title would go on to showcase the talents of comics creators such as  Roy Thomas,  John Byrne,  Steve Englehart,  Walt Simonson,  John Buscema,George Perez  and  Tom DeFalco, and is one of several Marvel titles still in publication since the  Silver Age of Comic Books. The four core individuals traditionally associated with the Fantastic Four, who gainedsuperpowers  after exposure to  cosmic rays  during a scientific mission to outer space, are:Mr. Fantastic  (Reed Richards), a scientific genius and the leader of the group, who can stretch his body into incredible lengths and shapes; the  Invisible Woman  (Susan Sue Storm), Reeds wife, who can render herself and others invisible and project powerful force fields; the  Human Torch  (Johnny Storm), Sues younger brother, who can generate flames, surround himself with them and fly; and the monstrous  Thing  (Ben Grimm), their grumpy but benevolent friend, who possesses superhuman strength and endurance due to the nature of his stone-like flesh. Since the original fours 1961 introduction, the Fantastic Four have been portrayed as a somewhat dysfunctional yet loving family. Breaking convention with other comic-book archetypes of the time, they would squabble and hold grudges both deep and petty, and eschew anonymity or secret identities in favor of celebrity status. The team is also well known for its recurring struggles with characters such as the villainous monarch  Doctor Doom, the planet-devouring  Galactus, the sea-dwelling prince  Namor, the spacefaring  Silver Surfer, and the shape-changing alien  Skrulls. The Fantastic Four have been adapted into other  media, including four  animated television series, an  aborted 1990s low-budget film, the major motion picture  Fantastic Four  (2005), and its sequel,  Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer  (2007). Apocryphal legend has it that in 1961, longtime magazine and comic book publisher Martin Goodman was playing golf with either Jack Liebowitz or Irwin Donenfeld of rival company DC Comics, then known as National Periodical Publications, and that the top executive bragged about DCs success with the new superhero team the Justice League of America. note 1] While film producer and comics historian Michael Uslan has debunked the particulars of that story, Goodman, a publishing trend-follower aware of the JLAs strong sales, did direct his comics editor, Stan Lee, to create a comic-book series about a team of superheroes. According to Lee in 1974, Martin mentioned that he had noticed one of the titles published by National Comic s seemed to be selling better than most. It was a book called The Justice League of America and it was composed of a team of superheroes. .. If the Justice League is selling, spoke he, why dont we put out a comic book that features a team of superheroes? :16 Stan Lee, who had served as editor-in-chief and art director of Marvel Comics and its predecessor companies, Timely Comics and Atlas Comics, for two decades, found that the medium had become creatively restrictive. Determined to carve a real career for myself in the nowhere world of comic books, Lee concluded that, For just this once, I would do the type of story I myself would enjoy reading. And the characters would be the kind of characters I could personally relate to: theyd be flesh and blood, theyd have their faults and foibles, theyd be fallible and feisty, and — most important of all — inside their colorful, costumed booties theyd still have feet of clay. :17 Lee said he created a synopsis for the first Fantastic Four story that he gave to penciller Jack Kirby, who then drew the entire story. Kirby turned in his penciled art pages to Lee, who added dialogue and captions. This approach to creating comics, which became known as the Marvel Method, worked so well for Lee and Kirby that they used it from then on; the Marvel Method became standard for the company within a year. :87 Kirby recalled events somewhat differently. Challenged with Lees version of events in a 1990 interview, Kirby responded: I would say thats an outright lie,:39 although the interviewer, Gary Groth notes that this statement needs to be viewed with caution. Kirby claims he came up with the idea for the Fantastic Four in Marvels offices, and that Lee had merely added the dialogue after the story had been encilled. :38 Kirby has also sought to establish, more credibly and on numerous occasions, that the visual elements of the strip were his conceptions. He regularly pointed to a team he had created for rival publisher DC Comics in the 1950s, Challengers of the Unknown. f you notice the uniforms, theyre the same I always give them a skintight uniform with a belt the Challengers and the FF have a minimum of decoration. And of course, the Things skin is a kind of decoration, breaking up the monotony of the blue uniform. 4]:4 The characters wear no uniforms in the first two issues. Given the conflicting statements, outside commentators have found it hard to identify with precise detail who created the Fantastic Four. Although Stan Lees typed synopsis for the Fantastic Four exists, Earl Wells, writing in The Comics Journal, points out that its existence doesnt assert its place in the creation; e have no way of knowing of whether Lee wrote the synopsis after a discussion with Kirby in which Kirby supplied most of the ideas. 5]:78 Comics historian R. C. Harvey believes that the Fantastic Four was a furtherance of the work Kirby had been doing previously, and so more likely Kirbys creations than Lees. :69 But Harvey notes that the Marvel Method of collaboration allowed each man to claim credit,:68 and that Lees dialogue added to the direction the team took. :69 Well s argues that it was Lees contributions which set the framework within which Kirby worked, and this made Lee more responsible. 5]:85 Comics historian Mark Evanier, a studio assistant to Jack Kirby in the 1970s, says that the considered opinion of Lee and Kirbys contemporaries was that Fantastic Four was created by Stan and Jack. No further division of credit seemed appropriate. :122 Early years The release of The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961) was an unexpected success. Lee had felt ready to leave the comics field at the time, but the positive response to Fantastic Four persuaded him to stay on. 8] The title began to receive fan mail, and Lee started printing the letters in a letter column with Issue #3. Also with the third issue, Lee created the hyperbolic slogan The Greatest Comic Magazine in the World!! With the following issue, the slogan was changed to The Worlds Greatest Comic Magazine! , and became a fixture on the issue covers into the 1990s,:87 and on numerous covers in the 2000s. Fantastic Four#48 (Sept. 1966): The Watcher warns, in part one of the landmark Galactus Trilogy. Cover art by Kirby Joe Sinnott. Issue #4 (May 1962) reintroduced Namor the Sub-Mariner, an aquatic antihero who was a star character of Marvels earliest iteration, Timely Comics, during the late 1930s and 1940s period historians and fans call the Golden Age of Comics. Issue #5 (July 1962) introduced the teams most frequent nemesis, Doctor Doom. With issue #16 (July 1963), the cover title dropped its The and became simply Fantastic Four. While the early stories were complete narratives, the frequent appearances of these two antagonists, Doom and Namor, in subsequent issues indicated the creation of a long narrative by Lee and Kirby that extended over months. Ultimately, according to comics historian Les Daniels, only narratives that ran to several issues would be able to contain their increasingly complex ideas. :88 During its creators lengthy run, the series produced many acclaimed storylines and characters that have become central to Marvel, including the hidden race of alien-human genetic experiments, the Inhumans; the Black Panther, an African king who would be mainstream comics first black superhero; the rival alien races the Kree and the Skrulls; Him, who would become Adam Warlock; the Negative Zone; and unstable molecules. The story frequently cited as Lee and Kirbys finest achievement is the three-part Galactus Trilogy that began in Fantastic Four #48 (March 1966), chronicling the arrival of Galactus, a cosmic giant who wanted to devour the planet, and his herald, the Silver Surfer. Daniels noted that he mystical and metaphysical elements that took over the saga were perfectly suited to the tastes of young readers in the 1960s, and Lee soon discovered that the story was a favorite on college campuses. 2]:128 After Kirbys departure from Marvel in late 1969, having drawn the first 102 issues plus an unfinished issue later completed and published as Fantastic Four: The Lost Adventure (April 2008), Fantastic Four continued with Lee, Roy Thomas, Gerry Conway and Marv Wolfman as its consecutive regular writers, working with artists such as John Romita, Sr. , John Buscema, Rich Buckler and George Perez, with longtime inker Joe Sinnott adding some visual continuity. Jim Steranko also contributed several cover s during this time. The 1980s and early 1990s John Byrne joined the title with issue #209 (Aug. 1979), doing pencil breakdowns for Sinnott to finish. Byrne then wrote two tales as well (#220-221, July-Aug. 1980) before writer Doug Moench and penciller Bill Sienkiewicz took over for 10 issues. With issue #232 (July 1981), the aptly titled Back to the Basics, Byrne began his run as writer, penciller and (initially under the pseudonym Bjorn Heyn) inker. Byrne revitalized the slumping title with his run. :265 Originally, Byrne was slated to write with Sienkiewicz providing the art. Sienkiewicz left to do Moon Knight, and Byrne ended up as writer, artist, and inker. Various editors were assigned to the comic; eventually Bob Budiansky became the regular editor. Byrne told Jim Shooter that he could not work with Budiansky, although they ultimately continued to work together. In 2006, Byrne said thats my paranoia. I look back and I think that was Shooter trying to force me off the book. Byrne eventually in the middle of a story arc, explaining he could not recapture the fun he had previously had on the series. 12] One of Byrnes changes was making the Invisible Girl into the Invisible Woman: assertive and confident. During this period, fans came to recognize that she was quite powerful, whereas previously, she had been primarily seen as a superpowered mother and wife in the tradition of television moms like those played Donna Reed and Florence Henderson. Byrne also staked new directions in the characters personal lives, having the married Sue Storm and Reed Richard s suffer a miscarriage, and the Thing quitting the Fantastic Four, with She-Hulk being recruited as his long-term replacement. John Byrne gets Back to the Basics in #232 (July 1981), his debut as writer-artist. Cover art by Byrne and inker Terry Austin. Byrne was followed by a quick succession of writers: Roger Stern, Tom DeFalco, and Roy Thomas. Steve Englehart took over as writer for issues 304–332 (except #320). The title had been struggling, so Englehart decided to make radical changes. He felt the title had become stale with the normal makeup of Reed, Sue, Ben, and Johnny, so in issue #308 Reed and Sue retired and were replaced with the Things new girlfriend, Sharon Ventura, and Johnny Storms ormer lover, Crystal. The changes increased readership through issue #321. At this point, Marvel made decisions about another Englehart comic, West Coast Avengers, that he disagreed with, and in protest he changed his byline to S. F. X. Englehart (S. F. X. is the abbreviation for Simple Sound Effects). In issue #326, Englehart was told to bring Reed and Sue back and undo the other changes he had made. This c aused Englehart to take his name entirely off the book. Bruce Lee Biography EssayThis character was loosely based on a Human Torch character published by Marvels predecessor Timely Comics in the 1940s, an android that could ignite itself. Lee said that when he conceptualized the character, I thought it was a shame that we didnt have The Human Torch anymore, and this was a good chance to bring him back. :85 Unlike the teen sidekicks that preceded him, the Human Torch in the early stories was a typical adolescent – brash, rebellious, and affectionately obnoxious. :204 The Thing (Ben Grimm), Reed Richards college roommate and best friend, has been transformed into a monstrous, craggy humanoid with orange, rock-like skin and super-strength. The Thing is often filled with anger, self-loathing and self-pity over his new existence. He serves as an uncle figure, a long-term friend of the family with a gruff Brooklyn manner, short temper, and caustic sense of humor. :204 In the original synopsis Lee gave to Kirby, The Thing was intended as the heavy, but over the years the character has become the most lovable group member: honest, direct and free of pretension. 2]:86 The Fantastic Four has had several different headquarters, most notably the Baxter Building, located at 42nd Street and Madison Avenue in New York City. The Baxter Building was replaced by Four Freedoms Plaza at the same location after the Baxter Buildings destruction at the hands of Kristoff Vernard, adopted son of the teams seminal foe Doctor Doom (Prior to the completion of Four Freedoms Plaza, the team took up tem porary residence at Avengers Mansion. ). Pier 4, a waterfront warehouse, served as a temporary headquarters after Four Freedoms Plaza was destroyed by the ostensible superhero team the Thunderbolts shortly after the revelation that they were actually the supervillain team the Masters of Evil in disguise. Pier 4 was eventually destroyed during a battle with the longtime Fantastic Four supervillain Diablo, after which the team received a new Baxter Building, courtesy of one of team leader Reed Richards former professors, Noah Baxter. This second Baxter Building was constructed in Earths orbit and teleported into the vacant lot formerly occupied by the original. Supporting characters Allies and supporting characters A number of characters are closely affiliated with the team, share complex personal histories with one or more of its members but have never actually held an official membership. Some of these characters include, but are not limited to: Namor the Sub-Mariner (previously an antagonist), Alicia Masters, Lyja the Lazerfist, H. E. R. B. I. E. , Kristoff Vernard (Doctor Dooms former protege), Wyatt Wingfoot, governess Agatha Harkness, and Reed and Sues children Franklin Richards and Valeria Richards. Several allies of the Fantastic Four have served as temporary members of the team, including Crystal, Medusa, Luke Cage, Nova (Frankie Raye) (as the Human Torch), She-Hulk, Ms. Marvel II, Ant-Man II, Namorita Prentiss, Storm, and the Black Panther; a temporary lineup from Fantastic Four #347-349 consisted of the Hulk, Spider-Man, Wolverine, and Ghost Rider (Daniel Ketch). Other notable characters who have been involved with the Fantastic Four include Alyssa Moy, Caledonia (Alysande Stuart of Earth-9809), Fantastic Force, the Inhumans (particularly Black Bolt, Crystal, Medusa, Gorgon, Karnak, Triton, and Lockjaw), Nathaniel Richards, Silver Surfer (previously an antagonist), Thundra, Willie Lumpkin the postal worker, and Uatu The Watcher. Author Christopher Knowles states that Kirbys work on creations such as the Inhumans and the Black Panther served as a showcase of some of the most radical concepts in the history of the medium. Antagonists Main article: List of Fantastic Four enemies Writers and artists over many years have created a variety of characters to challenge the Fantastic Four. Knowles states that Kirby helped to create an army of villains whose rage and destructive power had never been seen before, and whose primary impulse is to smash the world. Some of the teams oldest and most frequent emnities have involved such foes as the Mole Man, the Skrulls, Namor the Sub-Mariner, Doctor Doom, Puppet Master, Kang the Conqueror/Rama-Tut/Immortus, Blastaar, the Frightful Four, Annihilus, Galactus, and Klaw. Other prominent antagonists of the Fantastic Four have included the Wizard, Impossible Man, Red Ghost, Mad Thinker, Super-Skrull, Molecule Man, Diablo, Dragon Man, Psycho-Man, Ronan the Accuser, Salems Seven, Terrax, Terminus, Hyperstorm, and Lucia von Bardas. Cultural impact The Fantastic Fours characterization was initially different from all other superheroes at the time. One major difference is that they do not conceal their identities, leading the public to be both suspicious and in awe of them. Also, they frequently argued and disagreed with each other, hindering their work as a team. Described as heroes with hangups by Stan Lee, the Thing has a temper, and the Human Torch resents being a child among adults. Mr. Fantastic blames himself for the Things transformation. Social scientist Bradford W. Wright describes the team as a volatile mix of human emotions and personalities. In spite of their disagreements, they ultimately function well as a team. 29] The first issue of The Fantastic Four proved a success, igniting a new direction for superhero comics and soon influencing many other superhero comics. Stan Lee was surprised at the reaction to the first issue, leading him to stay in the comics field despite previous plans to leave. Readers liked Bens grumpiness, how Johnny annoyed everyone, and Reed and Sues spats. Comics historian Stephen Krensky said that Lees natural dialogue and flawed characters appealed to 1960s kids looking to get real'. As of 2005, 150 million comi cs featuring the Fantastic Four have been sold. 28] A Fantastic Four film was released in 2005, and a sequel in 2007. In other media There have been four The Fantastic Four animated TV series and three feature films (though one of the movies went unreleased, and is only available in a widely circulated bootleg). The Fantastic Four also guest-starred in the Secret Wars story arc of the 1990s Spider-Man animated series and the Thing guest-starred (with a small cameo from the other Fantastic Four members) in the Fantastic Fortitude episode of the 1996 Hulk series. There was also a very short-lived radio show in 1975 that adapted early Kirby/Lee stories, and is notable for casting a pre-Saturday Night Live Bill Murray as the Human Torch. Also in the cast were Bob Maxwell as Reed Richards, Cynthia Adler as Sue Storm, Jim Pappas as Ben Grimm and Jerry Terheyden as Doctor Doom. Other Marvel characters featured in the series included Ant-Man, Prince Namor, Nick Fury and the Hulk. Stan Lee narrated the series, and the scripts were taken almost verbatim from the comic books. The team made only one other audio appearance, on the Power Records album The Amazing Spider-Man and Friends. The Way It Began featured Stan Lee himself in the role of Johnny Storm and saw Ben Grimm reliving the origin of the FF, before leaving the Baxter Building to find their original nemesis the Mole Man, and a possible cure for Alicias blindness. The story was never followed up on any further Power Records albums. In 1979, the Thing was featured as half of the Saturday morning cartoon Fred and Barney Meet the Thing. The character of the Thing was given a radical make-over for he series. The title character for this program was Benji Grimm, a teenage boy who possessed a pair of magic rings which could transform him into the Thing. The other members of the Fantastic Four do not appear in the series, nor do the animated The Flintstones stars Fred Flintstone and Barney Rubble, despite the title of the program. Animated series The Fantastic Four have been the subject of four different cartoon television series. The first Fantastic Four series, produced by Hanna-Barbera, ran for 20 episodes from September 9, 1967–March 15, 1970. The second Fantastic Four series, produced by DePatie-Freleng, lasted only 13 episodes and ran from September 9, 1978–December 16, 1978; this series features a H. E. R. B. I. E. Unit in place of the Human Torch. The third Fantastic Four was broadcast under the Marvel Action Hour umbrella, with introductions by Stan Lee; this series ran for 26 episodes from September 24, 1994–February 24, 1996. The fourth series, Fantastic Four: Worlds Greatest Heroes, debuted on September 2, 2006 on Cartoon Network and has thus far run for 26 episodes. The Fantastic Four make a few major roles and cameos in The Super Hero Squad Show. edit]Video games In 1997, a side-scrolling Fantastic Four video game was released for the Sony PlayStation home video game system / platform, based on the Fantastic Four characters. In the game you and a friend could pick among the Fantastic Four characters (along with the She-Hulk), and battle your way through various levels until you faced Doctor Doom. Th e game was widely panned by critics for having weak storyline and handling of the characters powers. The Fantastic Four appeared in the Spider-Man: The Animated Series video game, based on the 1990s Spider-Man animated series, for the Super NES and Sega Genesis. The Thing and the Human Torch appeared in the 2005 game Marvel Nemesis: Rise of the Imperfects. All of the Fantastic Four appear as playable characters in the game Marvel: Ultimate Alliance with Doctor Doom being the main enemy. The team is also featured in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2. Promotional poster for Fantastic Four (2005), featuring Chris Evans, Michael Chiklis, Jessica Alba, and Ioan Gruffudd The Human Torch has an appearance in a mini-game where the player races against him in all versions of Ultimate Spider-Man, except on the Game Boy Advance platform. The Fantastic Four star in games based on the 2005 movie Fantastic Four and its 2007 sequel. The Fantastic Four will have a cameo appearance in Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds. However they will not be playable characters due to their exclusion of being in the game and because of Super-Skrull being in the game, who has all of the powers of the Fantastic Four. Doctor Doom also appears in the game as a playable character. Film Main article: Fantastic Four (film series) A movie adaptation of The Fantastic Four was completed in 1994 by B movie producer Roger Corman. While this movie was never released to theaters or video, it has been made available from various bootleg video distributors. Another feature film adaptation of Fantastic Four was released July 8, 2005 by Fox, and directed by Tim Story. Fantastic Four opened in approximately 3,600 theaters and despite predominantly poor reviews grossed US$156 million in North America and US$329 million worldwide, weighed against a production budget of $100 million and an undisclosed marketing budget. It stars Ioan Gruffudd as Reed Richards/Mr. Fantastic, Jessica Alba as Susan Storm/Invisible Woman, Chris Evans as Johnny Storm/Human Torch, Michael Chiklis as Ben Grimm/The Thing and Julian McMahon as Victor Von Doom/Dr. Doom, with Stan Lee making a cameo appearance as Willie Lumpkin, the mailman. A sequel, Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, directed by Story and written by Don Payne, was released June 15, 2007. Despite another round of mostly poor reviews, the sequel brought in US$132 million in North America a total of US$288 million worldwide. On 31 August 2009 Fox announced a reboot of the Fantastic Four franchise.